杨素娜

• 1:上海市嘉定区环境监测站

摘要(Abstract)：

为了评价污水处理厂污泥及其浸出液的潜在生态环境风险,以上海嘉定区某污水处理厂为例,采用硫酸/硝酸法和醋酸缓冲溶液法对污泥进行重金属总量和浸出毒性检测分析。同时,也研究了浸出液pH值、浸出时间及消解条件对浸出的影响。试验结果表明:1)污泥中Cu, Zn, Ni和Cr的含量分别是城市污泥中相应物质的平均含量的20,7.5,15和13倍,而Pb和Cd的含量与城市污泥的平均含量差不多;2)污泥中Cu与Cr主要以稳定形态存在,不同浸提方法下的浸出量相当,对于Zn和Ni,醋酸缓冲溶液的浸出量分别约为硫酸/硝酸溶液的22倍和18倍;3)浸出时间为20 h时浸出达到平衡,浸出液pH值对污泥重金属浸出能力的影响,因重金属元素种类的不同而存在较大差异,电热板消解和微波消解对浸出几乎没有影响;4)醋酸缓冲溶液制备的浸出液中,Ni的浸出质量浓度为16.3 mg/L,高于鉴别标准限值5 mg/L,而硫酸/硝酸浸提方法中重金属浸出浓度均未超过规定值。因此,该污水处理厂的污泥不适合卫生填埋,应积极寻求新技术对污泥进行合理处置并减少其潜在生态环境风险。

关键词(KeyWords)： 水污染防治工程;污水污泥;重金属;浸出试验;评价

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 上海市嘉定区农业和社会事业科研项目(HBKY05)

作者(Author): 杨素娜

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 杨婷，肖远东，黄华军，等.污泥中重金属污染程度和生态风险评估优化[J].环境科学与技术，2019,42(2):202-209.YANG Ting,XIAO Yuandong,HUANG Huajun,et al.Assessment optimization of the contamination degree and ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2019,42(2):202-209.
• [2] KELESSIDIS A,STASINAKIS A S.Comparative study of the methods used for treatment and final disposal of sewage sludge in European countries[J].Waste Management,2012,32(6):1186-1195.
• [3] 王经臣，杨璐宁，JAE H K,等.市政污泥热解过程颗粒物中重金属分布[J].中国环境科学，2018,38(10):3781-3787.WANG Jingchen,YANG Luning,JAE H K,et al.Study on heavy metals in particulate matter of municipal sewage sludge pyrolysis[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(10):3781-3787.
• [4] 陈超，袁建伟，张晓，等.剩余污泥重金属污染去除研究进展[J].资源节约与环保，2017(8):8-9.
• [5] 杨妍妍，李金香，刘亚平，等.北京城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险分析[J].环境污染与防治，2019,41(9):1098-1102.YANG Yanyan,LI Jinxiang,LIU Yaping,et al.Pollution feature and assessment of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in municipal sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Beijing[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2019,41(9):1098-1102.
• [6] 薛宗锐.城市污水处理厂污泥重金属污染及处理研究[J].资源节约与环保，2020(7):121.
• [7] 孙娟.城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属污染治理方法研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用，2020,38(10):110-111.SUN Juan.The research progress of treatment methods of heavy metal pollution in sludge of municipal sewage treatment plant[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2020,38(10):110-111.
• [8] 何绪文，房增强，王宇翔，等.北京某污水处理厂污泥重金属污染特征、潜在生态风险及健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报，2016,36(3):1092-1098.HE Xuwen,FANG Zengqiang,WANG Yuxiang,et al.Pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk and health risk assessment of heavy metal in a sewage treatment plant in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(3):1092-1098.
• [9] 王晓林.山东省城市污水处理厂污泥重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].环境污染与防治，2016,38(8):59-63.WANG Xiaolin.Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Shandong[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2016,38(8):59-63.
• [10] 刘亚纳，郭旭明，周鸣，等.洛阳城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属形态及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境工程学报，2017,11(2):1217-1222.LIU Yana,GUO Xuming,ZHOU Ming,et al.Heavy metal speciation and its potential ecological risk assessment in sewage sludge of Luoyang[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(2):1217-1222.
• [11] 李娟英，陈洁芸，曹宏宇，等.pH对污水污泥中污染物浸出的影响[J].环境工程学报，2013,7(12):4983-4989.LI Juanying,CHEN Jieyun,CAO Hongyu,et al.Influence of pH on leaching of pollutants from sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(12):4983-4989.
• [12] 刘锋，王琪，黄启飞，等.固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法标准研究[J].环境科学研究，2008,21(6):9-15.LIU Feng,WANG Qi,HUANG Qifei,et al.Study on the standard methods of leaching toxicity of solid waste[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):9-15.
• [13] HJ/T 20—1998,工业固体废物采样制样技术规范[S].
• [14] HJ/T 166—2004,土壤环境监测技术规范[S].
• [15] HJ/T 299—2007,固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法[S].
• [16] HJ/T 300—2007,固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法醋酸缓冲溶液法[S].
• [17] 郭广慧，陈同斌，杨军，等.中国城市污泥重金属区域分布特征及变化趋势[J],环境科学学报，2014,34(10):2455-2461.GUO Guanghui,CHEN Tongbin,YANG Jun,et al.Regional distribution characteristics and variation of heavy metals in sewage sludge of China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(10):2455-2461.
• [18] GB 18919—2002,城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准[S].
• [19] 李娟英，陈洁芸，沈燕萍，等.污水污泥及其浸出液重金属污染的化学分析与评价[J].安全与环境学报，2013,13(3):115-121.LI Juanying,CHEN Jieyun,SHEN Yanping,et al.Chemical analysis and assessment of the heavy metal pollution in the sewage sludge and leaching solution[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(3):115-121.
• [20] 袁丽，刘阳生.铅锌尾矿中重金属在模拟酸雨淋溶下的浸出规律[J].环境工程，2012 (sup2):586-590.YUAN Li,LIU Yangsheng.The leaching principles of heavy metals in Lead and zinc tailings in simulation acid rain[J].Environmental Engineering,2012(sup2):586-590.
• [21] 田冬梅，李延升，宋学君，等.城市污泥中痕量Cd活性形态的分析[J].环境科学与技术，2005,28(6):14-15.TIAN Dongmei,LI Yansheng,SONG Xuejun,et al.Trace cadmium mobility analysis as a consequence of sewage sludge disposal[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2005,28(6):14-15.
• [22] CAPPUYNS V,SWENNEN R.The application of pHstat leaching tests to assess the pH-dependent release of trace metals from soils,sediments and waste materials[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,158(1):185-195.
• [23] 闫怡新，卢一富，高健磊，等.不同浸提剂对污染河道底泥中重金属的浸出影响[J].环境污染与防治，2015,37(6):74-78.YAN Yixin,LU Yifu,GAO Jianlei,et al.Effects of different extractants on heavy metals leaching in contaminated sediment[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2015,37(6):74-78.
• [24] 李晓晨，赵丽，印华斌.浸提剂pH值对污泥中重金属浸出的影响[J].生态环境，2008,17(1):190-194.LI Xiaochen,ZHAO Li,YIN Huabin.The influence of pH value of extractant on the leachability of heavy metals in sewage sludge[J].Ecology and Environment,2008,17(1):190-194.
• [25] 刘光全.铬的浸出毒性试验方法研究[J].环境污染与防治，2000,22(4):12-14.LIU Guangquan.A test method of chromium leaching-out toxicity[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2000,22(4):12-14.
• [26] GB 5085.3—2007,危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别[S].
• [27] GB 16889—2008,生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准[S].
• [28] GB/T 14848—93,地下水环境质量标准[S].
• [29] 姜媛媛，王彦，段文焱，等.市政污泥热解过程中重金属迁移特性及环境效应评估[J].环境科学，2021,42(6):2966-2974.JIANG Yuanyuan,WANG Yan,DUAN Wenyan,et al.Migration and environmental effects of heavy metals in the pyrolysis of municipal sludge[J].Environmental Science,2021,42(6):2966-2974.